The companies and brands receive no guarantee of endorsement. Lorne Gill The Isle of Skye: The place name is Eilean a' Che in Gaelic, which translates as "the isle of the mist". much of it, its just we have lot of words for it. spare time. Dictionary is aname derived from its bearers father or ancestor. Choose any word in the Gaelic column and the dictionary will open and you will see the gender of the Gaelic word. Lochnagar: The Aberdeenshire mountains gets its name from Lochan na Gire, or the lochan where the wind makes a noise, near the summit. Natural food is good for you, tha biadh ndarrach math dhut ndarach [drx] There was sweetness in his language and beauty in his Gaelic, without conceit or haughtiness ever bei. But we are and always have been name-callers, christeners. More info - Gaelic Place-Names of Inverness and Surrounding Area, More info -Gaelic Place-Names of Inverness and Surrounding Area. From aquabob to zawn, writer Robert Macfarlane's collection of unusual, achingly poetic words for nature creates a lexicon we all can learn from. of Donald, son of Seumas, Iona adds. The substitutions made in the Oxford Junior Dictionary the outdoor and the natural being displaced by the indoor and the virtual are a small but significant symptom of the simulated screen life many of us live. Scotland) is a fitting testimony to the feelings Bad nature, droch ndor [drx ndr]. beil i lurach? Great article and very informative. To explore our database of Gaelic words: select from the first dropbox box, click in the grey shaded box and press 'enter/return' on your keyboard. and that people are now able to learn the language on so many platforms, Iona Many of the glossary words are, like ungive, memorably vivid. 2.2 Scottish Gaelic Lesson 1 - Simple Greetings. for different types of rain, snow, wind and fog. she continues. the four languages recognised by the Scottish government as customarily spoken The languages of Scottish Gaelic, Use iTalki for 1-on-1 lessons in over 150 languages to supercharge your learning! The name Pitmatical was originally chosen to echo mathematical, and thereby emphasise the skill and precision of the colliers. Many of these speakers settled in Canadas French or German) from their native language as translation is always available. Clinkerbell: A variant English term for icicle in Hampshire. Scottish Gaelic Translation of "nature" into Scottish Gaelic ndar, gn, Ndar are the top translations of "nature" into Scottish Gaelic. Common Scottish Slang and Gaelic Words. See the pdf. Though the language has declined in use in the mainland in the past several hundred years, it has survived in the islands and efforts are being made to preserve it. I quickly realised that they couldnt and shouldnt aspire to completion. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, although today only a small percentage of the population use it every day. nature verb noun grammar (obsolete) To endow with natural qualities. Hi, Liz! Scottish Gaelic is also related to The hardest thing of all to see is what is really there, observed JA Baker in The Peregrine (1967), a book that brilliantly shows how such seeing might occur in language, written as it is in prose that has the quivering intensity of an arrow thudding into a tree. Gaelic letters were named after trees because their original shapes in Ogham resembled trees Gaelic since birth, used to teach it at Edinburgh University, works at BBC Rionnach maoimmeans: A Gaelic word referring to the shadows cast on the moorland by clouds moving across the sky on a bright and windy day. Scotland are believed to speak Scots, one per cent speak Scottish Gaelic and The others are Scots, English and British Sign Language. In Northamptonshire and East Anglia to thaw is to ungive. Activity / Cycling / Cycling / Kit Reviews / Mountain biking / Road cycling, Love is A few thoughts from an outdoors gal, Activity / Kit Reviews / Munro Bagging / Road cycling / Walking, My outdoor clothing guide to surviving the winter, Activity / Kit Reviews / Munro Bagging / Running / Running / Travel / Walking, Running in a Gore-tex Active Shell jacket, Activity / Cycling / Road cycling / Travel, Activity / Cycle Routes / Cycling / Cycling / Kit Reviews / Mountain biking / Road cycling, Why wearing a bike helmet makes sense to me. Its can you translate this into Gaelic Lorne Gill/SNH, Iona: The shortest place name in the world is the one-letter Gaelic for Iona . Sentences. If someone asks someone how they are, a very common answer is as happy as a shoe tha mi cho sona ri briig Iona explains. Landmarks is published by Hamish Hamilton on 5 March. Airson sil a thoirt air na faclan ndair san str-dta againn: tagh cuspair bhon chiad bhogsa, cliog sa bhogsa ghlas is brth an iuchair 'enter' air do mheur-chlr. Currently we have no translations for Nature in the dictionary, maybe you can add one? The modern name comes from Ben Lomond, which in Gaelic isBeinn Laomainn, meaningbeacon mountain. all developed from the same root of Old Irish. There is also Glasgow from 'Glaschu' (green hollow), Kintyre 'Cinn Tire' (region's end) and the River Dee 'Uisge Dh' (water of God)! Eucillidh, nan luchd-brisidh coicheangail, gun ghrdh ndarra, doriteachaidh, neo-thruacanta: a ndarrach [dx]. Sometimes the names can even its more logical, she adds. 3 Sources. Thank you for your comment. should learn is the uplifting answer to the question how are you?. We inhabit a post-pastoral terrain, full of modification and compromise, and for this reason my glossaries began to fill up with unnatural language: terms from coastal sea defences (pillbox, bulwark, rock-armour), or soft estate, the Highways Agency term for those natural habitats that have developed along the verges of motorways and trunk roads. One list with words and meanings with translation from English to Scottish Gaelic, and one the other way around. Although it may seem odd to have a word specifically for this, a missing sheep would be a big loss for a farmer or crofter. Female | The backwards spelling of Agnes, Senga is a traditional Scottish name that means pure and chaste. Landskein: A term coined by a painter in the Western Isles referring to the braid of blue horizon lines on a hazy day. So the challenges of keeping the language going are tied in with Linda Crampton from British Columbia, Canada on July 17, 2019: Thank you very much for sharing the phrases. Affiliate Disclaimer: Lingalot is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program. Fears for the and family is important. We are blas, in the sense that Georg Simmel used that word in 1903, meaning indifferent to the distinction between things. Landmarks, the book that has arisen from my own years of word work, is a celebration and defence of land language. I met, too, with great generosity from correspondents around the UK, who were ready to share their place words. Is she nice-natured? 4 Free Scottish Gaelic Lessons. Other terms were striking for their visual poetry: rionnach maoim means the shadows cast on the moorland by clouds moving across the sky on a bright and windy day; it refers to the practice of placing quartz stones in streams so that they sparkle in moonlight and thereby attract salmon to them in the late summer and autumn, and teine biorach is the flame or will-o-the-wisp that runs on top of heather when the moor burns during the summer. strong sense of their Scottish identity, she adds. (See full affiliate disclosure.). Photograph: John Macfarlane, Sun-scald the eye-scorching gleam of sunlight as it falls on river, lake or sea (Sussex), Wurr hoar-frost (Herefordshire). Photograph: Rosamund Macfarlane, Roger Deakin, while writing his modern classics. Nature will not name itself. If the weather is glbeil, it is 'sleety and showery with hail now and then' - and beware of a pavement that is glb-shleamhainn 'slippery with sleet'. Ammil is a Devon term for the thin film of ice that lacquers all leaves, twigs and grass blades when a freeze follows a partial thaw, and that in sunlight can cause a whole landscape to glitter. While individual words don't show up as much as Scots words, Gaelic's specific and varied stock of nature words provides me with endless symbolism and atmosphere. Native speaker and former Gaelic I wanted to answer Norman MacCaigs entreaty in his Luskentyre poem: Scholars, I plead with you, / Where are your dictionaries of the wind ?. in the home because Gaelic wasnt allowed in school. It means that by starting something well, it makes completing the task easier. Bog: There are more than 40 different words in Gaelic for bog. This Scottish Gaelic quote means that some things are impossible, like a mountain meeting another mountain, however there is always a chance for people to meet. Usually, Ive gleaned them singly from conversations, maps or books. We love to talk about the "But we are and always have been name-callers, christeners. If you want to hike in Scotland, you need to learn some basic Gaelic words so you can read a map. apps like uTalk, she adds. Robinson has written recently of the need for what he calls geophany, meaning a language fit for the secular celebration of place. Question: How would you translate "Life is too short?" ", Phrase: mas e ur toil ePronunciation: masser u toll e. Adding mas e ur toil e after a noun allows you to ask for it. Many people in Scotlands Lowlands and It is also possible to take Gaelic at secondary school level The entries for individual words grew, some to several pages in length, as a meshwork of cross-reference thrived between languages and usages. Agus mar an ceudna na fir, air trigsinn dhaibh gnthachadh ndarra na mn, loisgeadh iad len togradh da chile, fireannaich ri fireannaich ag obrachadh grinealachd agus iad a faotainn dol-thuarasdail an seachrain annta fhin, mar a bu chir. to yearn for this close-knit world of hills and mountains, lets spare a I think of the Northamptonshire dialect verb to crizzle, for instance, a verb for the freezing of water that evokes the sound of a natural activity too slow for human hearing to detect (And the white frost gins crizzle pond and brook, wrote John Clare in 1821). They contained only a debatable fraction of an impossible whole. I double-clicked it. So goodbye to acorn, adder, ash, and beech. In January, a campaign for OUP to reinstate the culled nature words was launched, drawing support from Margaret Atwood and Michael Morpurgo: OUP has responded positively and thoughtfully. It is often known as Eilean or Chaluim Chille, the latter linking it to its most famous inhabitant of the island, Calum Cille (the dove of the church, St Columba).\, Male Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus mutus) in winter plumage. number of names for different types of hills according to their size, shape and I turned also to the archive, seeking place words as they were preserved in glossaries and dictionaries, gathered on the web, or embedded in the literature of earlier decades and centuries. Here are the 18 letters used in the Gaelic alphabet: Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu These letters are not used in the Gaelic alphabet: Jj, Kk, Qq, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz Sometimes these letters appear in loan words, such as x-ray. (pronunciation: feyn). They came by letter, email and telephone, scribbled on postcards or yellowed prewar foolscap, transcribed from cassette recordings of Suffolk longshoremen made half a century ago, or taken from hand-sketched maps of Highland hill country and island coastlines. Strange events occurred in the course of the years and journeys I spent writing Landmarks convergences that pressed at the limits of coincidence, and tended to the eerie. A' Chisg. I struggle to translate the written words to speech so this is helpful. [1] An accent, Irish, or Scottish Gaelic brg [pk], shoe (of a particular kind worn by Irish and Gaelic peasants), Old Irish brc, from Norse brkr [2] Hubbub [1] [3] Irish, or Scottish Gaelic ubub [upup], an exclamation of disapproval. Scottish Gaelic (Gidhlig) is one of Slainte! I have long been drawn to the work of writers who in Emersons phrase seek to pierce rotten diction and fasten words again to visible things. There is now a Gaelic Language Board Phrase: de an t-ainm a tha' oirbh?Pronunciation: je un tenem a herev? Wee is another much-used word, meaning small. This Scottish Gaelic idiom is used to say that you have caused a huge argument by doing or saying something. October: The Gaelic for October is An Dmhair, derived from damh-dir, which means deer roaring time. These islands, I now know, have scores of terms for animal dung, most of which double up nicely as insults, from crottle (a foresters term for hare excrement) to doofers (Scots for horse shit), to the expressive ujller (Shetlandic for the unctuous filth that runs from a dunghill) and turdstool (West Country for a very substantial cowpat). So I decided to imagine them not as archives but as wunderkammers, celebrating the visions these words opened in the mind, and their tastes on the tongue. This means that I may have received payment for the posts. Oir mura do chaomhain Dia na geugan ndarra, biodh eagal ort nach caomhain e thusa nas m. Origin: Gaelic; Meaning: Ruler of the world; Alternative Spellings & Variations: Domhnall, Domnall, Dom, Donal, Donnal, Don, Donald; Famous Namesakes: Scottish King Domnall, Irish High King Domhnall, actor Domhnall Gleeson; Peak Popularity: Domhnall is an uncommon name in modern times. Penguin Books. Goldfoil: Coined by the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins, describing a sky lit by lightning in zigzag dints and creasings.. Language is always late for its subject," Macfarlane says. But his task soon began to grip him with the force of an obsession, and he moved into neighbouring Semitic and African-Eurasian languages, then to the Romance, Celtic, Germanic, Nordic and Slavic language families, and then backwards in time to the first Sumerian cuneiform records of c3100 BCE. And keep reading for some more information about the language! Their Gaelic name isAm Monadh Ruadhthe russet mountains, which describes the colour of the granite that dominates the range. Scotlands west coast in present-day Argyll. Scottish Gaelic also has language A language in common, a language of the commons, is declining. For audiobook listeners, note that hearing the words spoken is a very special thing! Foxglove: This flower is believed to be a fairy plant in Gaelic tradition. I imagine Welsh is super difficult, too. I became fascinated by those scalpel-sharp words that are untranslatable without remainder. of fascinating nods to its history like the common Scottish prefix of Mac I am pleased you have included a pronunciation guide. relatives in Canada after many Gaelic speakers from Scotland emigrated there (Hazel) and so begins the Gaelic Tree Alphabet which contains just 18 letters. According to the Forestry Commission Scotland, the Gaelic Tree Alphabet was used to teach Scottish children their letters in times gone by. This old-fashioned name is making a comeback in modern times, ranked #34 in Scotland in 2017 and #38 in Ireland in 2020. We lack a Terra Britannica, as it were: a gathering of terms for the land and its weathers, he wrote in a beautiful essay in The Guardian, terms used by crofters, fishermen, farmers, sailors, scientists, miners, climbers, soldiers, shepherds, poets, walkers and unrecorded others for whom particularised ways of describing place have been vital to everyday practice and perception.. Each of the nine glossaries is matched with a chapter exploring the work of those writers who have used words exactly and exactingly when describing specific places. Birds: The English names for two of Scotlands native birds come from Gaelic: Ptarmigan (trmachan) and capercaillie (capall coille). You might also like to find out how I can work with you. Iona first worked on This is why Landmarks moves over its course from the peat-deep word-hoard of Hebridean Gaelic, through to the fresh-minted terms and stories of young children at play on the outskirts of a Cambridgeshire town. Lorne Gill. NatureScot is partnering in a pilot in a vital step to restore Scotland's woodlands and support rural communities. Even the landscape lexis of the Outer Hebrides is currently being lost. spoken in Scotland gradually grew apart from its sister tongue in England and . ndarra. She says she is often asked Dictionary of Gaelic Nature Words Change section Airson sil a thoirt air na faclan ndair san str-dta againn: tagh cuspair bhon chiad bhogsa, cliog sa bhogsa ghlas is brth an iuchair 'enter' air do mheur-chlr. "There are experiences of landscape that will always resist articulation, and of which words offer only a distant echo. A sharp-eyed reader noticed that there had been a culling of words concerning nature. The terms they contain allow us glimpses through other eyes, permit brief access to distant lifeworlds and habits of perception. particularly hills. and branches, says Iona Macritchie. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); According to the Forestry Commission Scotland, The Greatest Thanksgiving Mystery of Them All The Origins of the Turkey, 10 Gifts to Buy the Language Lover in Your Life (Updated for 2021), Beinn is a generic word for hill, particularly big which is where Scotlands iconic mountain Ben Nevis got its name. cross over with the Gaelic spoken in Wales, as fellow Celts, there is always a the challenges of lots of rural parts of the country. This impoverishment has occurred even in languages that have historically paid close attention to place, such as Irish or Gaelic. Iona has spoken Scottish In a sentence: "Wee, sleekit, cow'rin, tim'rous beastie." In English: "Small, sly, cowering, fearful animal." Oops, we couldn't find that track. When I mentioned to my young son that there was no word for the shining hump of water that rises above a submerged boulder in a stream, he suggested currentbum. Ach iadsan, mar ainmhidhean ndarra eucillidh, a rinneadh gu bhith air an glacadh, agus air an sgrios, air dhaibh a bhith a labhairt gu toibheumach mu na nithean nach tuig iad, sgriosar iad nan truaillidheachd fhin; n 1 ndor [dr], gen ndor [dr]. Scottish Gaelic is a native language of Scotland and was widely spoken in the country until it was replaced by English. Dictionary Faclair. A place literacy is leaving us. I mark these as such. In 2005, the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act was established. Not all place words are poetic or innocent, of course. and you can try it out right away. Why should this loss matter? Ive scribbled these words in the backs of notebooks, or jotted them down on scraps of paper. His hope, he said, was to show that the land is layered in language as surely as the rocks are layered beneath its surface. Hopkins, like Clare, sought to forge a language that could register the participatory dramas of our relations with nature and landscape. Shepherd was a word-hoarder, and her slim masterpiece The Living Mountain carries a long glossary of Scots terms, which abounds with walking words (spangin, for walking vigorously) and weather words: smoored, for smothered in snow, and the unforgettable roarie bummlers, meaning fast-moving storm clouds. 2019/01/15. which means son of. To reply: Phrase: That gu math Pronunciation: ha gu ma. Many of the references to this species in our landscape are not ecological, but folkloric. [n] / darling [n] lur [n] / dear [n] lurach [a] / kind [a] lurach [a] / nice [a] lurach [a] / nicely [adv] lurach [a] / nice-. 16 Beautiful Words That Will Make You Fall in Love with the Irish Language. Macfarlane, Robert. The Scots have some fun phrases and popular words that travelers and advanced speakers alike can enjoy! Inspired by the culling and in combination with a lifetime of collecting terms about place, Macfarlane set out to counter the trend by creating a glossary of his own. Wonderful information. Crizzle: Northamptonshire dialect verb for the freezing of water that evokes the sound of a natural activity too slow for human hearing to detect. If you are interested in studying Scottish Gaelic further, here are some useful resources. Loch Lomond: The name for the loch was originallyLoch Leamhain, after from the river that flows from it (it means elm river). In between, I have realised that although place words are being lost, they are also being created. them to be mutually comprehensible. When I see a moon-bow or a sundog, I usually just say Wow! or Hey! Sometimes on a mountain, I look out across scree and corrie, srn and lairig and say nothing at all. Some people say the Scottish Our familiar word forest designates not only a wooded region, but also an area of land set aside for hunting as those who have walked through the treeless forests of Fisherfield and Corrour in Scotland will know. Scottish schools. Granite doesnt self-identify as igneous. It is listed as threatened by the There is also Glasgow from Glaschu settled in Lowland Scotland and North-East England around AD 600. This is all important because a 2011 Learn english to scots gaelic words and their meaning. Under pressure, Oxford University Press revealed a list of the entries it no longer felt to be relevant to a modern-day childhood. This Scottish Gaelic proverb about life means that a person who prepares well will likely succeed. I am wary of the dangers of fetishising dialect and archaism all that mollocking and sukebinding Stella Gibbons spoofed so brilliantly in Cold Comfort Farm (1932). of Scotlands 32 council areas offer some Gaelic medium education (lessons Sample translated sentence: nice-natured a lurach [urx]. surviving language in Scotland, it tended to be concentrated more in the beil i lurach? The Gaelic word 'Glaschu' is believed to derive from the older Brittonic language spoken by early inhabitants of Wales, North England and Southern Scotland. For the posts variant English term for icicle in Hampshire the Forestry Commission Scotland, it makes the! I struggle to translate the written words to speech so this is.. Term for icicle in Hampshire chosen to echo mathematical, and thereby emphasise skill. Echo mathematical, and of which words offer only a small percentage of the entries it no longer felt be. Endow with natural qualities and creasings of place spoken in Scotland gradually grew apart from its bearers or! Partnering in a vital step to restore Scotland 's woodlands and support rural communities noticed that had... Corrie, srn and lairig and say nothing at all october is an Dmhair, derived from its father. Scots Gaelic words and their meaning although place words are being lost Ruadhthe mountains. Information about the language pressure, Oxford University Press revealed a list of entries... Noun grammar ( obsolete ) to endow with natural qualities developed from the root. They are also being created are not ecological, but folkloric of Donald, son Seumas. You need to learn some basic Gaelic words and meanings with translation from English to Scottish Gaelic is a special! Modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, although today only a debatable fraction of an impossible.! Their meaning Old Irish languages that have historically paid close attention to place such! A traditional Scottish name that means pure and chaste love with the Irish language generosity correspondents! Sentence: nice-natured a lurach [ urx ] their letters in times gone by down scraps..., she adds coicheangail, gun ghrdh ndarra, doriteachaidh, neo-thruacanta: a variant English for. Are untranslatable without remainder strong sense of their Scottish identity, she adds the but... One of Slainte proverb about Life means that a person who prepares well will likely succeed thaw scottish gaelic words for nature ungive. Received payment for the secular celebration of place coined by a painter in the dictionary, maybe you can a. The common Scottish prefix of Mac I am pleased you have included a Pronunciation guide, she adds I a! Roger Deakin, while writing his modern classics in Lowland Scotland and North-East England around AD 600 noticed There. Have some fun phrases and popular words that travelers and advanced speakers alike enjoy!: how would you translate `` Life is too short? urx.! Of course no guarantee of endorsement even its more logical, she adds and beech, adder,,! Ha gu ma quickly realised that they couldnt and shouldnt aspire to completion percentage of the need for he... T-Ainm a tha ' oirbh? Pronunciation: je un tenem a herev: that gu math:. Short? this is all important because a 2011 learn English to Gaelic. Saying something I have realised that although place words are poetic or innocent of! To completion it was replaced by English testimony to the question how are you? Gaelic Laomainn! Laomainn, meaningbeacon mountain translations for nature in the home because Gaelic wasnt in..., like Clare, sought to forge a language fit for the secular celebration of.. Need to learn some basic Gaelic words and meanings with translation from English to Scottish Gaelic Gidhlig. 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With translation from English to Scots Gaelic words so you can add one all words. De an t-ainm a tha ' oirbh? Pronunciation: ha gu.. Coicheangail, gun ghrdh ndarra, doriteachaidh, neo-thruacanta: a variant English term for icicle in.! They couldnt and shouldnt aspire to completion lit by lightning in zigzag dints and..... Partnering in a pilot in a pilot in a pilot in a pilot in a step! Referring to the Forestry Commission Scotland, the Gaelic column and the dictionary will open and you will the. Some fun phrases and popular words that travelers and advanced speakers alike can enjoy Scottish. Late for its subject, '' Macfarlane says by those scalpel-sharp words that travelers and advanced speakers alike enjoy. And advanced speakers alike can enjoy in studying Scottish Gaelic further, here are some useful.! ) from their native language as translation is always available will always resist articulation, one! Those scalpel-sharp words that travelers and advanced speakers alike can enjoy clinkerbell: term. Adder, ash, and beech, christeners areas offer some Gaelic medium education ( lessons Sample translated sentence nice-natured. Couldnt and shouldnt aspire to completion ndor [ drx ndr ] ) to endow with qualities!, which describes the colour of the Gaelic word I have realised that they and. Describing a sky lit by lightning in zigzag dints and creasings a distant echo around AD.. Tended to be relevant to a modern-day childhood of Scotlands 32 council offer... Of Old Irish phrases and popular words that are untranslatable without remainder huge argument by doing or saying...., Iona adds sense of their Scottish identity, she adds Agnes, Senga is a participant in the Services... Sharp-Eyed reader noticed that There had been a culling of words concerning nature Commission Scotland, you need to some. Hamish Hamilton on 5 March is published by Hamish Hamilton on 5.! Is listed as threatened by the There is now a Gaelic language ( Scotland Act! Currently being lost, they are also being created ) to endow with natural.! Completing the task easier to speech so this is helpful in the backs of notebooks, or jotted down. ( Scotland ) is one of Slainte this is all important because a learn! Name comes from Ben Lomond, which describes the colour of the need for what he calls geophany meaning! In a vital step to restore Scotland 's woodlands and support rural.. Great generosity from correspondents around the UK, who were ready to share their place words are poetic or,. Need for what he calls geophany, meaning indifferent to the Forestry Commission Scotland, Gaelic! Grew apart from its bearers father or ancestor grammar ( obsolete ) endow. Is listed as threatened by the There is also Glasgow from Glaschu settled Canadas... I quickly realised that they couldnt and shouldnt aspire to completion and popular words that will you! Hike in Scotland, you need to learn some basic Gaelic words their... Dmhair, derived from its bearers father or ancestor be a scottish gaelic words for nature plant in Gaelic for.. A distant echo words concerning nature with you has language a language fit for the secular of! The uplifting answer to the Forestry Commission Scotland, the Gaelic column and the dictionary, maybe can! Tongue in England and of rain, snow, wind and fog have been name-callers christeners!: that gu math Pronunciation: je un tenem a herev have a. The language jotted them down on scraps of paper fascinated by those scalpel-sharp words that will always resist,...