Caustic soda causes saponification and is an essential ingredient in soap-making. Sodium hydroxide plays an elementary role in the recycling of paper as it helps to separate ink from paper cellulose and make it useable again. Succinic acid, which is involved in several chemical processes in the body. When mixed with water, sodium hydroxide dissociates completely to just hydroxyl and sodium ions. which is a very important compound found in the living environment. All other Arrhenius acids and bases are weak acids and bases. c. the control of respiratory ventilation. Although in many industrial areas such as paper or chemical industries it is used as a universal neutralizing agent. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Welcome to Techiescientist.com. A significant amount of sodium is taken up via the food because the normal uptake of sodium via food is 3.1-6.0g per day. Have you ever wondered what is the most important ingredient in making soaps and other detergents that we use for cleaning? It is also used in fuel cell production to produce electricity to some extent for various applications. The body surface area involved was about 2%. So the first thing we should do is figure out the formula for sodium hydroxide. 32 oz of pure Sodium Hydroxide (Lye). Found in: Oven cleaners and drain openers. 4 people found this helpful. Sodium hydroxide is known as industrial soap because of its degreasing characteristics. In animal studies, long-term dermal contact with substances leading to pH changes in the skin causes the development of tumors, as a result of severe tissue irritation and reparative cell growth 28). An instant soup is very low in fat and calories but high in sodium. Explosions occur . Accidental skin and eye exposure seem to be less frequently reported than ingestion in the medical literature. You can use one type of oil or a combination of two or three for example, 70 percent coconut oil and 30 percent olive oil. For this reason the uptake of sodium hydroxide is expected to be limited under normal handling and use conditions. The cornea ulcerated and perforated 27 days after the injury. Sodium helps your body absorb sugar, water, chloride, and amino acids (which are the building blocks of protein). It is most commonly found in the home as drain and oven cleaners in concentrations between 0.5% and 54%. The major human health hazard (and the mode of action) of sodium hydroxide is local irritation and/or corrosion on skin and eye irritation/corrosion. 3. Products with the EWG VERIFIED mark have met use restrictions and warnings based on EWG review of company data. NaOH can also absorb CO2 from air and form Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3 and Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3. Klairs Gentle Black Sugar Charcoal Soap Base Daily Radiance & Multi-protection Serum Beauty Drops Aha 30% + Bha 2% Peeling DR. On day 52 another hemorrhage occurred. Sodium hydroxide is a versatile compound thats used to manufacture a variety of products such as paper and petroleum products, including aluminum. enable_page_level_ads: true Different oils have different densities one cup of olive oil will not weigh the same as one cup of coconut oil. Sodium hydroxideis used for example for disinfection and cleaning purposes. Store products containing sodium hydroxide out of reach of children. It is also used in preparation of homemade soaps, and to clean wood (such as decks) before painting. This would most benefit. Worldwide production in 1998 was around 45 million tonnes. Expose the top and bottom 0.59 inches (1.5 cm) of lead in 2 graphite pencils. Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, Denise Seabert, James Girvan, James McKenzie, Randall Cottrell. Sodium hydroxide . The cricopharyngeus was ulcerated and bleeding. OJ L 295, 12.11.2011, p. 178. They also bind to corneal mucoprotein and collagen and the eye may remain alkaline despite prolonged irrigation due to slow dissociation of hydroxyl ions from corneal proteins. Available from, as of October 5, 2011: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ukpids/ukpids/ukpid26.htm, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for Sodium Hydroxide, (1310-73-2) p.13 (March 2002). NaOH is insoluble in organic solvents and in a polar medium, it is soluble. Contact with the skin may result in contact dermatitis, hair loss, as well as necrosis due to severe irritation 26). In 17 cases the accident happened during work, while 6 cases occurred at home using sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide as drain cleaner. No valid animal data are available on repeated dose toxicity studies by oral, dermal, inhalation or by other routes for sodium hydroxide. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 91:656-658, Burrington JD. However, significant differences in uses between countries can be expected. Expert Answer. The sodium hydroxide in these tablets reacts with the saliva and liberates heat which can produce a full thickness burn of the oesophagus. Wear latex or nitrile gloves, and check them for holes. It is also used in preparation of homemade soaps, and to clean wood (such as decks) before painting. When a strong acid such as HCl is added to the carbonic acid buffer system, _________. c. hydrostatic pressure of capillary blood. According to Schober et al. There is a decrease in the collagen content of tissue and saponification of cell membrane lipids and cellular death. Toxicology of the eye 4th ed. Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts? NaOH is the strong base used in popular industries due to multiple functions. a. hydrostatic pressure of blood forces nearly protein-free plasma out of the blood into the interstitial space. At the hospital, initial examination showed vision limited to light perception, corneal clouding to such an extent that iris markings were not discernable, necrosis of most of the bulbar conjunctiva, some sloughing in the nasal area of the cornea, blanched and necrotic cul-de-sac, and some involvement of the lids and adjacent skin. In simple terms,saponification is the name for a chemical reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt called soap.. Via urinary excretion of bicarbonate and via exhalation of carbon dioxide the pH is maintained at the normal pH of 7.4-7.5. NIOSH 76-105, Kuckelkorn et al. (1979), American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 40, 365-371. It helps our body to digest and absorb nutrients. Which of the choices below is NOT an essential role of salts in the body? Sodium hydroxide is a manufactured substance and sodium hydroxide [Na(OH)] is sold as a solid (cast, flakes, pearls, compounders) or as solutions with varying concentrations. b. increased extracellular fluid water levels. The influence of this hormone is to ________. Effects of Sodium Hydroxide in a Swimming Pool. Sodium oxide molecules are made up of two sodium cations and one oxygen anion. While NaOH is damaging to hair when used at high concentrations and at high pH, when used at low levels at neutral pH, it doesn't cause any problem at all. Sodium hydroxide [Na (OH)] is a strong alkaline substance that dissociates completely in water to sodium (Na +) and hydroxyl (OH -) ions. The most important role of NaOH is to provide the alkalinity above 9. What are the health risks of sodium hydroxide? Your kidneys control how much sodium is in your body. It may also be found in certain household products, including: Aquarium products Clinitest tablets Drain cleaners Hair straighteners Metal polishes Oven cleaners https://ec.europa.eu/info/departments/health-and-food-safety_en, CMAI (2000), Fifteenth Annual World Petrochemical Conference, March 29 & 30, 2000, Houston, Texas, USA, Keskin E et al. Report abuse. It was also concluded that asymptomatic patients are not at risk of complications and probably do not require endoscopy. It is employed in simple aspirin as well as some complicated anticoagulants (prevent blood clotting) and reduction in human cholesterol. Water (from environmental humidity) - balance of 100%. Perform CPR if necessary. The patient died on the operating table. Yes sodium hydroxide is lye and yes at the right concentration it is the bond breaking stuff we naturals don't like. Gaudreault et al 11) found that signs and/or symptoms do not adequately predict the presence or severity of an esophageal lesion. Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Which of the following would describe nonelectrolytes? She vomited several times with the vomitus containing a small amount of blood. A standard esophageal alkaline burn was produced by the application of 10% sodium hydroxide to the distal esophagus in an in vivo rat model 42). The newly formed collagen contracts both cirumferentially and longitudinally resulting in esophageal shortening and stricture formation. Sodium hydroxide is analkali(base) and theacidsare the fatty acids that make up the triglycerides present in oils and butters. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) has no smell. Being a strong base, Sodium Hydroxide is highly corrosive and . For production and major uses of sodium hydroxide aerosols do normally not occur. Sodium hydroxide is found in many industrial solvents and cleaners, including products to strip floors, brick cleaners, cements, and many others. Acta Paediatr 83:1200-1205, Clausen JO, Nielsen TLF and Fogh A. Lye. It fails to coagulate protein which would serve to prevent further penetration. Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid. She was transferred to a burns unit and underwent surgical debridement and skin graft. Keep in mind that it is essential to weigh your ingredients instead of measuring them. Nancy is experiencing an acute panic attack. Sodium Hydroxide in Wood & Paper Products Sodium hydroxide forms through the electrolysis of sodium chloride, and is a powerful alkali. We are one of the nation's largest manufacturers and suppliers of pure lye (sodium hydroxide). Group: 1: Melting point: 97.794C, 208.029F, 370.944 K . Hope this is what . 2. This cellulose after further purification forms the basis of the paper. Symptoms as predictors of esophageal injury. In its pure form, it is crystalline solid, and colourless in nature. Fat tissue has a lower percentage of water than lean tissue and women tend to have more fat, so the percentage. He then began to develop difficulty in swallowing and a X-ray on day 23 revealed a stricture at the level of the carina of trachea. But for me it is just one of the main ingredients found in hair relaxers and the last time I checked we broke up back in 2008 and sadly the relaxer is no longer a part of my life. Sodium hydroxide [Na(OH)] also known as caustic soda, is a highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacturing of multiple medicines. These strong acids and bases are 100% ionized in aqueous solution. 1983. Sodium hydroxide solid preparations and viscous liquids are also more likely to produce severe injury due to prolonged contact. (1991), Eur J Pediatr Surg, 1, 335-338, Sodium hydroxide. The threshold limit value (TLV) of a chemical substance is believed to be a level to which a worker can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effects. The University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) reported about 67 cases of accidental ingestion of sodium hydroxide by children between 1981 and 1990 32). Sodium hydroxide help to get rid of the most atmospherically dangerous solvents Dimethylformamide and Dichloromethane (DMF and DCM) and reagent (piperidine). When the blood becomes acidic (acidosis) and bicarbonate ions have been depleted, new bicarbonate ions must be generated in the plasma. Sodium chloride is also used in manufacturing to make plastics and other products. Opinion of the Scientific Committee for Food: First Series of Food Additives of Various Technological Functions. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, also called caustic soda or lye (potassium hydroxide, which is very similar, may also be called lye). It is important that the above solution of sodium hydroxide must have traces of chloride ions. liquid consistency. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. A patient is breathing slowly, and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. 1995. The area of the right cheek had a bronze discoloration. However, under normal handling and use conditions (non-irritating) neither the concentration of sodium in the blood nor the pH of the blood will be increased and therefore sodium hydroxide is not expected to be systemically available in the body. It readily absorbs moisture until it dissolves. Sodium is important in the manufacturing of . When chloride is in the form of hydrochloric acid (hydrogen and chloride), it acts as a gastric juice component. Topical antibiotics, systemic and topical corticosteroids and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were given. Sodium hydroxide solutions hydrolyze fats to form soaps, they precipitate bases and most metals (as hydroxides) from aqueous solutions of their salts. Sodium hydroxide has a select few, but very important, benefits for the skin: Balances and maintains product and skin pH levels: Happy skin is pH-balanced skin. Sodium Hydroxide is an inorganic compound used to control the pH levels or serve as a buffering agent in cosmetics and personal care products. 34) reviewed the records of 170 patients admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology of the University Hospital of Amsterdam in the period January 1, 1971 to December 31, 1981 with suspected caustic ingestion. Sodium hydroxide was assessed by the Joint FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization) Committee on Food Additives 3) and by the Scientific Committee for Food 4), and both set an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of not specified. A 20 year old patient presented 2 hours after accidentally spraying herself in the face with an oven cleaner containing 4% sodium hydroxide 45). What strategies would an experienced skier use to prevent illness and accidental injury while skiing? If sodium hydroxide contacts the skin, immediately flush the skin with large amounts of water. 100% Pure and Natural Carrier Oil | Refined, Cold Pressed | Face, Hair, Body & Skin Care and Cooking | Use Today - Enjoy Results . For example the cleaning of ovens could result in an irritation of the throat due to the presence of sodium hydroxide in the air. a. K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids. It is made of solid white crystals that absorb water from the air. Uses advised against Food, drug, pesticide or biocidal product use. sodium hydroxide hazard. Sodium hydroxide is produced as a co-product in the production of chlorine. For this reason sodium hydroxide is not expected to be systemically available in the body under normal handling and use conditions. Glutamate surfactants, for example, disodium cocoyl glutamate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, are gentle and produced using amino acids. 27 January, 2011. However, for certain specific uses, e.g. Its also found inmany household products: buy sodium hydroxide from chemical seller, Your email address will not be published. Sodium is important for many different functions of the human body. d. a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking excessive amounts of water, a. most of the water reaching the collecting ducts is not reabsorbed. The net ionic equation (a chemical equation in which electrolytes are written as dissociated ions) can be explained as follows: The complete balanced equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide is: H 2 SO 4 + 2NaOH Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O. Much better, than all the "special" Na+ concentration determines Osmolarity of ECF, Na+ concentration measured by osmoreceptors, Primary regulators of Na+ concentration/content, Na+ reabsorbed in distal CT and collecting ducts (water follows) Increase BP and B vol, Almost no Na+ reabsorbed, increase urine output. Sodium hydroxide is caustic. Sodium Oxide (Na2O) - Sodium oxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2O. The wastewater treatment process includes the utilization of NaOH for the removal of heavy metals and to adjust water acidity. It can be stated that sodium hydroxide will neither reach the fetus nor reach male and female reproductive organs, which shows that there is no risk for developmental toxicity and no risk for toxicity to reproduction. Sodium hydroxide may be used in industry and research. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention. Am J Dis Child 138:863-865, Nuutinen M, Uhari M, Karvali T and Kouvalainen K. 1994. No stricture formation was observed in the group of patients with noncircular lesions. While sodium hydroxide does not vaporize, if sodium hydroxide dust or powder is inhaled it can cause severe lung damage. Ventilatory support was necessary for three weeks. However, it should be realized that aerosols of sodium hydroxide are not stable. Solution of Sodium hydroxide is currently being used for neutralizing wastewater as well as scrubbing waste gases. Furthermore the uptake of sodium, via exposure to sodium hydroxide, is much less than the uptake of sodium via food under these conditions. Acute necrotic phase in which cell death occurs due to coagulation of intracellular protein. Insufficient parathyroid hormone production in the body could result in ________. Written by Eric Moll. (1994), Danish Medicinal Bulletin 41, 234-237, Wijburg FA et al. It is highly corrosive to animal and vegetable tissue. Sodium hydroxide is very corrosive. We can use sodium hydroxide to remove protein or nucleic acid. Sodium hydroxide is used to remove skins from tomatoes, potatoes and other fruits and vegetables for canning and also as an ingredient in food preservatives that help prevent mold and bacteria from growing in food. As you know olives possess a little bit of bitter taste due to the presence of oleuropein (phenolic compound) in them. Alkaline reserve (which is the amount of a standard acid solution needed to titrate an alkali to a specified pH usually pH 8, the pH of normal esophageal mucosa) has been found to correlate better than pH with the production of caustic esophageal injury 10). d. aquaporins are inserted into the collecting duct principal cell apical membranes. An esophagoscopy at five weeks post-ingestion revealed esophageal narrowing. High blood pressure can lead to other health problems. The amount of 20 mg sodium hydroxide is equivalent with 11.5 mg sodium which is a negligible amount compared to the daily dietary exposure of 3.1-6.0 g. The amount of 20 mg sodium hydroxide is equivalent with 0.5 mmole and if this amount would be taken up in the blood stream it would result in a concentration of 0.1 mM hydroxyl (OH) ion (assuming 5 liter blood per human). 3. In cosmetics, sodium hydroxide is used in low concentrations as a pH stabilizer. If the thyroid and parathyroid glands are surgically removed, which of the following would go out of balance without replacement therapy? Since neither the presence nor the severity of esophageal burns is predictable, an endoscopy should be performed in all suspected cases. Gastric injury may also occur. Texapon exports , SLES Suppliers , Sodium laureth sulfate. Pediatrics 71 (5):767-770, Crain EE, Gershel JC and Mezey AP. It is commonly present in commercial drain and oven cleaners. a. most of the water reaching the collecting ducts is not reabsorbed. b. reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention. (acid or base) Vinegar is a condiment many of us use in our households, but vinegar is actually comprised of a chemical called acetic acid. One person who ingested 10 g sodium hydroxide in water suffered transmural necrosis of the esophagus and stomach and died 3 days after admission to the hospital. Sodium hydroxide can harm workers who come in contact with it. It is also used to purify paper pulp. It is typically extracted using a barrel or bucket with a natur. Any person who uses products containing sodium hydroxide can be exposed. In studies using rabbits, instillation by oral intubation caused within 10 seconds: erosion into the stomach muscle with 12% solutions; perforation with 28% solutions; and no damage with 1% solutions. Sodium hydroxide forms through the electrolysis of sodium chloride, and is a powerful alkali. Topical irrigation was repeated and he was transferred to the operating room where intraocular irrigation was commenced. Our Sodium hydroxide has been specifically tested for it's compatibility with Cosmetic ingredients and it's use as a Saponifier in the production of handmade Soap. During the reaction, NaOH traps CO2 that produce a solution of sodium bicarbonate. Sodium hydroxide is used at home for drain and pipe cleaning, wood treatment and it also used to make soap at home 6). Serious inflammatory changes were observed with mediastinal emphysema and a purulent pleuritis. The unnecessary lignin present in wood, dissolve in the liquor, and pure cellulose is left behind which is later on filtered off. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. Histologic damage to esophageal tissue was scored by a single pathologist blind to groups. Buy Sodium Hydroxide - Pure - Food Grade (Caustic Soda, Lye) (2 Pound Jar): . It is also used to de-ice roads and sidewalks. Malondialdehyde levels in the uninjured and untreated and erythropoietin-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the sodium hydroxidebut untreated group. Based on human data concentrations of 0.5-4.0 % were irritating to the skin, while a concentration of 8.0 % was corrosive for the skin of animals 7). Once we select the oils and mix them with sodium hydroxide and a liquid (lye), the molecules combine, a chemical reaction occurs, calledsaponification(pictured below), and a totally different substance is created SOAP! While hyperventilating, she remembers to open a paper bag and breathe into it. Clin Toxicol 27 (4&5):24261, Gaudreault P, Parent M, McGuigan MA, Chicoine L and Lovejoy FH. A human skin irritation test with 0.5 % sodium hydroxide was performed using exposure periods of 15, 30 and 60 min. Acta Paediatr 84:1177-1182, Knopp R. 1979. Fabrics such as wool are made from animals so caustic soda can remove remaining fat or any other stain from it. They give fine foam, great cleansing, and are quickly biodegradable. It also helps to keep the right balance of fluids in your body. Of course, as one of its. This failure causes the corneal stroma to become edematous and susceptible to vascularisation and scarring. The formula for sodium hydroxide is NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to all tissues. Sodium chloride is an essential nutrient and is used in healthcare to help prevent patients from becoming dehydrated. A 14 year old boy took a sodium hydroxide solution (30%) in to his mouth 35). And it is predicted that in the year 2027, the . Lethality has been reported for animals at oral doses of 240 and 400 mg/kg body weight 9). Sodium hydroxide is also used in the most favorite edibles chocolates and ice cream. A large number of animal experiments, particularly on rabbits, have been conducted to study alkali injury to the eye and it is known from these experiments that in the rabbit eye the pH of the aqueous humor can rise to 10-11 within a few minutes or even higher in severe cases. However, the pH of the blood is regulated between narrow ranges to maintain homeostasis. This is the cheapest value I've found. For the human body, especially skin, eyes, and respiratory system, sodium hydroxide can be extremely dangerous. Note what type of media was used (print, audio, video), where you saw the ad, and who was targeted. The inhalation of aerosols of 5 % sodium hydroxide by a 25-year-old women resulted in irreversible obstructive lung injury after working for one day in a poorly ventilated room 52). This reaction neutralizes the hydroxide so it's not harmful to hair . What is Nancy trying to prevent? Explain why or why not. Wijburg et al. On the 44th day after ingestion profuse bleeding was observed through the nasogastric tube and drains were noted. c. nearly all of the filtered water is reabsorbed. Both in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicity tests indicated no evidence for a mutagenic activity. 1982. It is highly effective due to its ability to alter fat (saponification). Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Sodium hydroxide has a pH value of 13, which means that it is highly basic, or alkaline and is mainly used in the manufacturing of soaps and cleansers. T/F: The main way the kidney regulates potassium ions is to excrete them. Sodium hydroxide is added to food (food additive E 524) as an acidity regulator and its function in food is essentially the same as that in food. Follow up six weeks later revealed good healing and no complications. During the recovery process, surviving keratocytes begin to form new collagen but a decrease in available ascorbate (caused by injury to the main source in the ciliary body) is a limiting factor in this process. In the study of 224 children (aged 0-14 years) by Clausen et al 14) serious complications were due to ingestion of sodium hydroxide or a dishwasher product. Sodium hydroxide is a water-soluble compound that comes in pellets, granules, flakes, or powders. NaOH is soluble in alcohols (methanol, ethanol) and H2O. Despite the presence of light perception the eye was enucleated at the patients request 70 days after the injury 47). This phase is evident 3-7 days post-injury. It may also be found in dishwasher detergents. Sodium hydroxide is odorless; thus, odor provides no warning of hazardous concentrations. Children without any signs or symptoms at the first examination did not develop stricture or epiglottal edema. Identification Product Name Sodium hydroxide Cat No. Tumors are not to be expected if the effects of irritation are prevented. Routes of exposure are skin contact and inhalation. If sodium hydroxide is swallowed, get emergency medical aid and do not induce vomiting. Molar Mass of Sodium Hydroxide: 39.997 g/mol . This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. sodium (Na), chemical element of the alkali metal group (Group 1 [Ia]) of the periodic table. When humans are dermally (skin) exposed to low (non-irritating) concentrations, the uptake of sodium hydroxide should be relatively low due to the low absorption of ions. a. potassium ion concentration in extracellular fluid. NaOH is used to upgrade the ink detachment process because of multiple reasons such as chemical hydrolysis of a few bonds between substrate and ink and fiber swelling effects. Concentrated vapors lead to serious damage to the eyes and respiratory system. At room temperature appears as a white crystalline odorless solid that may be in the form of pellets, granules, or powder. List steps you could take to eliminate these influences in your community. Falling arterial blood pressure promotes ________. "Lye" most commonly refers to sodium hydroxide NaOH, but historically has been used for potassium hydroxide KOH.. Today, lye is commercially manufactured using a membrane cell chloralkali process.It is supplied in various forms such as . Sodium hydroxide is found in some household cleaners, such as drain cleaners, and oven cleaners. When dissolved in water or neutralized with acid it liberates substantial heat, which may be sufficient to ignite combustible materials. They combine with cell membrane lipids which causes disruption of the cells and stromal mucopolysaccharides with concomitant tissue softening. The authors were confident that all children with serious complications after ingestion of corrosives were included in the study. Sodium hydroxide has mainly industrial uses. Sodium hydroxide [Na(OH)] is a strong alkaline substance that dissociates completely in water to sodium (Na+) and hydroxyl (OH) ions. After cardiac massage, blood transfusion and repair of the rupture he stabilized. This ingredient's score is lower when used as a saponification agent (e.g., soaps and cleansers) Sodium Hydroxide is a highly caustic and reactive inorganic base. Sodium hydroxide is generally known as caustic soda and the less common name of sodium hydroxide is lye. Most of the body's sodium is located in blood and in the fluid around cells. Cords and epiglottis were found in some household cleaners, always wear an apron, gloves, and in. From becoming dehydrated key role in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found some. Strategies would an experienced skier use to prevent corrosive chemical burns failure of the upper gums or degree! 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