This goal can be achieved in some cases by simply replacing heat supplied by combustion with electrical heating ( 1 ). Verhoeven, J.P. Hofmann, K. Chan, B.M. By using renewable electricity sources, hydrogen production becomes free of carbon emissions. Rep. 70, 135 (2015), H.Y. Due to our increasing awareness of the impact of climate change on our society, unit operations in our manufacturing processes, including those in chemical industry, have to be greenified and made less dependent of fossil resources. Vendelbo, F.B. I love French cuisine because creating an astounding dish like beef bourguignon requires only basic ingredients, brought together by patience and technique. Eng. To make optimal use of this transition pathway, system and process innovations are necessary. This electrocatalyst dynamics is illustrated in Figure5. Commun. PubMedGoogle Scholar. This so-called electrification of the chemical industry is still yet in its infancy but there are many scientific and technological challenges to be solved. To make that a bit more tangible with hydrogen as example electrolysis with renewable electricity would result in zero Scope 2 emissions, while if gray electricity would be used the Scope 2 emissions would become enormous. industrial manufacturers surveyed across sectors target achieving 45% overall electrification by 2035, higher than their current rate of 35%. Chung, P.P. Kooyman, M.T.M. The field of electrochemistry revolves around the use of chemical compounds for the large-scale storage of energy and, conversely, the large-scale production of organic chemicals using electricity, instead of by burning fossil fuels. Again there is more than money that is driving the World, but it is an aspect that should not be hidden as it is often ignored in discussions. Kondratenko, G. Mul, J. Baltrusaitis, G.O. Indeed, it is simply not wise today because besides the production, also the current storage approaches are energy-intensive. However still meets critical temperature requirements for many production industries (such as pharmaceutical and chemical),whilst reducing overall footprint. For the chemical industry where do these emissions come from? 5, 239 (2020), C.M. ABB's Motion business is the largest supplier of drives and motors, globally. Our versatility is the result of long customer relationships during which we have implemented process and automation systems for the energy industry, chemical industry, paper and pulp industry and forest industry, among others. Engbk, Improving performance of induction-heated steam methane reforming. Energy Environ. Practicing chemical engineers, safety professionals, and industry leaders worldwide will gather online to advance the vital work of the profession when AIChE and its Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) host the 2021 AIChE Virtual Spring Meeting and 17th Global Congress on Process Safety as an Browse our list of new products for March 2021. However, from 2000 to 2018, global GHG emissions increased by an average of 2.4% per year (2). The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia exhibits several advantageous characteristics compared to the Haber-Bosch process. Electrification refers to replacingconventional processesthat use fossil fuelswithtechnologiesthatuseelectricity. Depending on the resources used to generate electricity, electrification can potentially reduce carbon dioxide (CO) emissions from the transportation, building, and . Catal. He is an author of numerous reports, including the most recent ACEEE report, "Beneficial Electrification in Industry." To Dig in Deeper, Check out these Must-Read Resources: 54, 9525 (2015), D.J. Riemersma, J. Gauthier, L.D.B. Weckhuysen, In situ study on Ni-Mo stability in a water-splitting device: effect of catalyst substrate and electric potential. Second, these intermediate compounds serve as energy-rich building blocks for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals (e.g., through conventional conversion processes). Processes that have been developed over more than a century in some cases might have to be replaced by techniques that currently only have been proven on a lab scale or do not currently exist as we speak. Industry 4.0 is about the processes and structure within an organization . Broader Impacts - Electrification of the chemical industry and rising renewables in the grid supply can potentially eliminate 30% of the US Industries CO 2 emissions. The two main categories of process electrification are: Process heating: This is the heat that powers manufacturing, such as furnaces, steam boilers, and gas-fired heaters. The authors declare that they have no financial interests. How this transition could happen is elaborated in the following sections. Controlling this process allows the battery to be charged and discharged. Electrification of the chemical process industries. Classically, people would think of heat pumps or boilers but in the chemical industry higher temperatures are needed. Biogas is nowadays typically combusted to locally produce electricity and/or heat but could also be (more effectively) valorized through super dry reforming (SDR) or dry reforming (DR).21 Key challenges include developing stable and selective catalyst materials able to deal with varying biogas compositions, and the operations under fully dry conditions. Electrification might offer the opportunity to drastically change the process to enhance energy efficiency and product yield. AIChE Revises Statement on Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion; National Academy of Engineering Elects AIChE Members to 2021 Class; In Memoriam: Three AIChE Fellows. Marin, K.M. Electrode materials are preferentially composed of earth-abundant elements, and which are not only very selective toward the formation of key C1 and C2 intermediates, such as CO, formate, and ethylene, but also very stable. However, implementing an unconventional energy supply to drive a reaction brings many challenges for catalyst design and upscaling. 60, 16576 (2021), Y.J. to tackle climate change the necessity of electrification has been agreed and understood by many energy experts [1], but it seems to be contradictory to conventional wisdom: electricity generation and transmission involve substantial energy losses and thus its application as a heat source in chemical industry is less efficient than onsite Eng. The electrification of thermal processes will have a key role in the decarbonisation of industry sectors, in light of the goals set from COP26, companies in this sector need to be willing to adapt and must make significant changes in their current processes to reduce their overall carbon footprint. Technology is only an enabler. Intensified separations processes, plasma technology, ultrasound microwaves, and electric arc furnaces have contributed to energy-efficient, highly selective, and compact processes, drastically reducing capital costs and waste generation (6). Furthermore, a OCCOH* signal on Cu(100) surfaces has been related to CO dimerization, a necessary step for making C2 products, while glyoxal and acetaldehyde are also proposed as reaction intermediates. Galvita, G.B. However, from 2000 to 2018, global GHG emissions increased by an average of 2.4% per year (2). It goes over producing using electricity for manufacture-scale heating, hydrogen for energy storage and even a rotary . These include mechanistic insights into the activity and selectivity toward C2+ products. Angew. [7] This revolutionary approach of energy transfer via the dynamic action of rotating blades could be of interest for catalytic processes as well. Choi, H. Mistry, B. Roldan Cuenya, New insights into working nanostructured electrocatalysts through operando spectroscopy and microscopy. A new approach to innovation is needed to ensure successful development and implementation of intensified projects. Maximal direct electrification with storage issues. SERS revealed that a highly dynamic CO intermediate is related to C=C coupling and ethylene production at high cathodic bias, whereas lower cathodic bias resulted in gaseous CO production from isolated and static CO surface species. Falinski, W. Shi, P. Coish, D.L. This article evaluates if the extensive electrification of the CPI is realistic, and highlights the major challenges and opportunities for electrification for the production of hydrogen and base chemicals, as well as for carbon capture and utilization. For P2H concepts, the same materials that are currently in place will be needed. Electrification of the chemical process industries (CPI) is already gradually occurring. As we seek to decarbonize, more of our economy electrifies and more of the load shifts to the grid. For example, the integrated ohmic heating seems to enable substantial reductions in reactor volume by up to two orders of magnitude compared to equivalent fired reformer.14. 28, 9266 (2016), B.M. Chemists' achievements inclu. Electrification of the Chemical Manufacturing Industry, Continous Processing/Flow Chemistry Solutions, Vanadium Electrolyte Production Equipment, Electrochemical Decontamination For The Nuclear Industry, Decarbonising the Steel Industry with Hybrid Microwave and Hydrogen Technology, Two Step Change Technologies that Offer a Significant Reduction in the Cost of Nuclear Decommissioning. Bendixen, W.L. Electrification of the Chemical Process Industries. This is not the only solution that has been proposed, as demonstrated by Vinum et al., induction heating of ferromagnetic catalyst particles enables heat delivered directly to the catalytic site.16 However, scalability is also essential for the overall energy efficiency, as shown by Almind et al.17 and induction heating has certain limitations. This may also offer many other unexpected benefits appropriately linked with the nature of energycatalyst interactions. Figueiredo, M.T.M. Langmuir 33, 9307 (2017). As illustrated in e-chemistree, the production of fuels and chemicals from green electricity, the so-called e-fuels and e-chemicals, such as ammonia, carbon monoxide, ethylene, and methanol, will likely be key elements of an electrified chemical industry. Support Center Find answers to questions about products, access, use, setup, and administration. The top five commodity chemicals with both the largest production volume and energy consumption are ammonia, ethylene, propylene, methanol, and benzene/toluene/xylene (BTX). Marin, J. Dewulf and K. Van Geem, How to Reduce CO2 Emissions of Steam Cracking Furnaces: The Million Dollar Question, in AIChE Spring Meeting (2021), J. Seppala, J. Hiltunen, V.-M. Purola: Process and rotary machine type reactor, (Coolbrook Oy United States, 2016), p. 1, B. Faessler, Stationary, second use battery energy storage systems and their applications: a research review. 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Res. McCrory, S. Jung, I.M. Google Scholar, M. Bonheure, L.A. Vandewalle, G.B. Sustain. Nakonechny, A.V. Download Embed. 1. Examples include methanol, methane, and ammonia synthesis. Mellor, N.Z. - 198.211.122.149. Reyniers, L.B. Int. 117, 37 (2021), Z.J. "Dream or Reality? The question is which chemical building blocks can be made in an effective manner, according to the e-Chemistree of Figure2, to make sure that we can make the wide variety of chemicals, fuels, and materials needed for our future-renewable society. ; Contact Us Have a question, idea, or some feedback? This feature may be available for free if you log in through your library or institution. The report's Technical Assessment provides an analysis of the current state of industrial electrification needs, the technologies available, and the potential for electrification in thirteen industrial subsectors, separately. 44, 5148 (2015), L. Han, S. Dong, E. Wang, Transition-metal (Co, Ni, and Fe)-based electrocatalysts for the water oxidation reaction. Buelens, V.V. J. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), heat makes up two-thirds of industrial . Res. For producing pure hydrogen, P2H concepts seem to be less attractive from a GHG emission point of view unless one considers the production of blue hydrogen in which the CO2 is captured and stored (CCS). Almind, J.S. Haber Process: An . Chem. In chemical and petrochemical processes, greenhouse gases can be produced as a byproduct from the process itselffor example, CO2 can be emitted during the production of ammonia, which is used for purifying water supplies, cleaning products, and as a refrigerant, and used in the production of many materials including plastics, fertilizers, pesticides, and textiles. One reflection that needs to be made about hydrogen is that today a hydrogen economy is not embraced by all actors. Chem. The uploader already confirmed that they had the permission to publish it. Opin. The ideal strategy combines electrification with the use of renewable and recycled raw materials (Figure 2) (8). In an effort to curb such emissions, the 2016 Paris Agreement set targets to limit global warming well below 2C (relative to preindustrial levels) (1), which will require a complete transformation of industry (5). Olaf Hinrichsen, Chair of Working Party Chemical Reaction Engineering Hermann Fe. We want to hear from you. Hide full disclaimer, Select results items first to use the cite, email, save, and export options. Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) also holds great promise for sustainable energy conversion and storage.49,50,51,52 If this process could be realized at a reasonable cost and efficiency, e-chemicals and e-fuels could be made in a sustainable way, thus allowing for a closed-loop cycle for carbon, as shown in Figure1.53 In particular, the production of C2 products, such as ethylene and ethanol, would be attractive for applications in energy storage and conversion as well as for the manufacturing of chemicals,54 although C1 products, such as formate, would also open many possibilities. Electrification is the transition from fossil to renewable electrical energy. Koper, Competition between hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction on copper electrodes in mildly acidic media. Plata, P.T. Great article on the electrification of the #chemical process industry. In processes such as steam cracking, which is the dominant process for the production of ethylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene, and aromatics, the Scope 3 emissions are higher than the sum of Scope 1 and 2 emissions if a fossil feedstock is used. For a lithium-ion battery cell, the workhorse of electric vehicles, and todays grid-scale batteries, the nickel, cobalt, lithium, and manganese minerals used currently cost between $USD50 and $USD80 per kilowatt-hour of storage, according to analysts. Therefore, it is best to focus on those two case studies as reference for others. Ferrer, S.M. Using iron, Form Energy Inc. believes it will spend less than $6 per kilowatt-hour of storage on materials for each cell. Chem. Engbk, S.B. 116, 14120 (2016), N.-T. Suen, S.-F. Hung, Q. Quan, N. Zhang, Y.-J. Distillation is used in petroleum refining and petrochemical Arpe, Industrial Organic Chemistry, 5th ed. Van Geem, Sustainable innovations in steam cracking: CO2 neutral olefin production. used In situ Raman spectroscopy to identify an NiO(OH) species in the most active OER catalyst,42 while Rao et al. Machine Drive Electro-Chemical Facility HVAC Process Cooling and Refrigeration Facility Lighting Process Heating--Primary Metals Other End-Uses Electricity Use (TBtu) Manufacturing Industry End -Use 2,841 Process heating is ~ 50% of manufacturing energy use, but only 5% of process heating is electrified. ChemElectroChem 4, 2117 (2017), R.R. While heavy-duty electric trucks account for only 2.7% of all US trucks, they amount to almost 22% of fuel use from the trucking sector and 7% of total road transport emissions. 93, 178 (2018), S.T. Randolph Norris Shreve_ George T Austin - Shreve's Chemical process industries (1984, McGraw-Hill).pdf. Making sure that this transition can happen is the first step, because today the high electricity prices make electrification non-competitive. Chem. Its easy to request permission to reuse content. According to the 2018 Chinese Renewable Energy Outlook, the electrification rate of the end-use sector needs to rise from 24 percent in 2017 to 53 percent in 2050 to keep the global temperature rise below 2 above preindustrial levels. Jaramillo, Benchmarking hydrogen evolving reaction and oxygen evolving reaction electrocatalysts for solar water splitting devices. 58, 1252 (2019), D. Hollmann, N. Rockstroh, K. Grabow, U. Bentrup, J. Rabeah, M. Polyakov, A.-E. Surkus, W. Schuhmann, S. Hoch, A. Brckner, From the precursor to the active state: monitoring metamorphosis of electrocatalysts during water oxidation by In situ spectroscopy. This means that the GHG emissions of different options need to be compared fairly to answer one of the key questions for the coming years: How can these emissions be reduced on short notice without seriously affecting the entire economy, including the supply of consumer goods and services? Essential in this context is the greenhouse gas (GHG) protocol, a global standard for companies and organizations to measure and manage their GHG emissions and become more efficient, resilient, and prosperous, schematically illustrated in Figure4. Xu, H.M. Chen, Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction: recent development and future perspectives. Electrification of the Chemical Process Industries.. Dream or reality? Joule 1, 10 (2017), A.D. Pee, D. Pinner, O. Roelofsen, K. Somers, E. Speelman, M. Witteveen, Decarbonization of Industrial Sectors: The Next Frontier (McKinsey & Company, Amsterdam, 2018), p. 68, H.-J. Cheap solutions such as those involving ironair batteries that are capable of affordable, long-duration power storage would be a game changer and similar discoveries are expected to take place in the decades to come. Over the same period, the global direct industrial CO., emissions increased even more, by about 3.7% per year (3). In the future, we need to move from data and experience for decision to model for decision and experimental design. The recent progress in the analytical tools (including the inline local temperature measurements), new enabling technologies (including high-throughput experimentation and 3D printing), and access to higher computational power bring many opportunities to achieve the goals via machine learning to design new generations of better performing and stable catalyst materials. Today we discuss electrification of industry processes,this including sectors that produce goods and raw materials we use every day. Halck, T. Vegge, I. Chorkendorff, I.E.L. This study aims to: a) examine the boiler energy demand in the U.S. industrial sectors both at the national and states level, b) quantify the potential opportunity to electrify the U.S. industrial boiler systems, and c) identify the barriers and drivers to the wide-scale application of electric boilers and proposals to overcome the barriers. Electroanalysis 28, 2256 (2016), C.C.L. Bonheure, M., Vandewalle, L., Marin, G., & Van Geem, K. (2021). Here, we present the results from a comprehensive bottom-up analysis of the . Wijten, J.C.L. Better understanding of process engineering fundamentals and process dynamics will enable the design of improved process control structures for intensified processes. Marin, New trends in Olefin production. Large-scale chemical processes can simply not be turned on and off, definitely not in a wink of an eye, but getting back on spec takes weeks. The switch from industrial boilers and industrial coal kilns to electric boilers contributes to the reduction of direct coal burning. The product yield, on the other hand, will hardly be improved as this is limited by the allowable furnace tube skin temperature. The use of sustainable electricity can significantly lower the CO 2 -footprint of the Dutch process industry. With multiple global projects involving a variety of industries our technologyisleadingthe way in process electrification. Today 342, 13 (2020), E. Meloni, M. Martino, A. Ricca, V. Palma, Ultracompact methane steam reforming reactor based on microwaves susceptible structured catalysts for distributed hydrogen production. Kanan, D.G. Science 364, 756 (2019), M.M.K. Durga Nimmagadda. Tafen, J. Lekse, C. Wang, X. Deng, J. Lee, H. Jang, J.-S. Lee, S. Kumar, C. Matranga, Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution with an atomically precise nickel catalyst. Log in now. However, energy buffering and storage will be essential to make sure that the variable renewable energy does not require chemical plants need to stop, but let us run them safe and use their capital investment in optimal way. de Winter, L. Petitjean, F. Melnikov, C.H. Hellstern, K. Ayers, T.F. 2 Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, have become increasingly prevalent and helped drive . Angew. The IDEAL path to equity, diversity, & inclusion. With 20 + years of experience, delivering novel continuous processtechnologyis one of our core capabilities here at C-Tech Innovation. Bonheure, Mike, Laurien Vandewalle, Guy Marin, and Kevin Van Geem. Although numerous challenges remain it is no longer a question if electrification of the chemical industry will happen, but when it will be the dominating technology. Show full disclaimer, Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the translations. But there is more than economics, given government interventions some of the process options could actually make sense. Pavlov, Multi-gas AC plasma torches for gasification of organic substances. These include the industrially well-developed FischerTropsch Synthesis (FTS) process for the production of fuels for transportation from syngas (CO/H2 mixture) or the HaberBosch cycle for ammonia production from green hydrogen and nitrogen. The CO2RR process is studied in great detail but still presents major challenges as (1) current catalysts require large overpotentials; (2) the selectivity toward C2 products is low; and (3) HER is a major competing process. Schietekat, S.A. Sarris, P.A. Try and log in through your institution to see if they have access to the full text. This technology helps to make processes more efficient and preciseby having amore uniformed heat delivery and precise temperature control. Catalysts based on Pt (HER), Ir (OER), and Ru (OER) are the most used, but are difficult to implement in large-scale applications due to their high cost and related scarcity. Copyright American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Complete electrification of oil, gas and chemical facilities Increase safety with innovative arc-resistant switchgear and motor control Increase reliability and efficiency, maximize uptime through condition monitoring, optimizing operations and asset management strategies Increase flexibility with standardized switchgear across all applications Chem. Data sourced from (4). Vocational Education. Serba, V.A. Electrification of the process industry is one of the possible transition pathways to contribute to a sustainable energy supply, assuming that complete sustainable or CO 2 -neutral electricity will become available in the future. Induction cooktops that achieve up to twice the yield of traditional . Van Geem, K. Rabaey, Upgrading the value of anaerobic digestion via chemical production from grid injected biomethane. In short, the GHG protocol is a bookkeeping system that divides the emissions in three categories: Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3. These emerging commodities are produced by storing renewable energy in the chemical bonds of liquid or gas fuels and chemi- cals. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Stamenkovic, N.M. Markovic, Dynamic stability of active sites in hydr(oxy)oxides for the oxygen evolution reaction. Recently, an MIT start-up Form Energy Inc. says they will be capable of solving one of the most elusive problems facing renewable energy: cheaply storing large amounts of electricity to power grids when the sun is not shining and wind is not blowing. Chicago author-date Bonheure, Mike, Laurien Vandewalle, Guy Marin, and Kevin Van Geem. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Continuous flow heating technology is more environmentally friendly with much lower energy consumption than batch methods. Pincus, M.M. Weckhuysen, Electrolyte effects on the stability of Ni-Mo cathodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction. In the past lustrum, the two chemicals that attracted most attention in this context are ethylene and hydrogen. Stephens, Y. Shao-Horn, Operando identification of site-dependent water oxidation activity on ruthenium dioxide single-crystal surfaces. As 70% of the energy consumed in process industries is provided by the combustion of fossil fuels ( Madeddu et al., 2020 ), considerable attention has been paid to electrification as a means of a realistic option for industrial decarbonization. Chatman, J.C. Peters, T.F. Kauffman, D. Alfonso, D.N. Soc. Lounsbury, K.E. Emissions from theindustry sectorarea contributor to thisand globallyare aneven greater contributor from countries with large manufacturingoutputsand industrial economies like China,USAandJapan. As well as these advantages, electrifying production brings benefits to the environment, such as reduced CO emissions through more efficient use of heat, the option to use energy from a renewable source and long-term production sustainability. Science 364, 734 (2019), Article Hwang, Catalystelectrolyte interface chemistry for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Rising CO2concentration in the atmosphere and its effect on the global climate has led governments setting binding targets for reduced emissions and plans for a net zero economy. Rev. utilizing a high-temperature plasma torch to drive a reforming reaction without a catalyst.20, This short overview of different P2H concepts illustrates that from a material point of view no drastic changes of todays situation would be needed, which is obviously a big plus. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of a plasma process that converts input CO 2 into a pure stream of CO to aid in renewable energy penetration in this sector. Hansen, C. Frandsen, J. Bendix, P.M. Mortensen, Dual-function cobalt-nickel nanoparticles tailored for high-temperature induction-heated steam methane reforming. Dream or Reality? Achieve the Benefits of Intensification through Process Control Better understanding of process engineering fundamentals and process dynamics will enable the design of improved process control structures for intensified processes. Read more about process electrification here: You may have access to it for free by logging in through your library or institution. Career And Technical Education. Sa, C.W. https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-021-00247-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-021-00247-5.